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- REVIEWS, Page 70TELEVISIONMany Shades Of Black
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- By RICHARD ZOGLIN
-
- SHOW: Color Adjustment
- TIME: June 15, 10 P.M., PBS
-
- THE BOTTOM LINE: A provocative look at how TV has
- portrayed blacks, from Amos 'n' Andy through Roots to Cosby.
-
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- Marlon Riggs may be the most notorious unknown filmmaker
- in America. A lecturer at the University of California's
- Graduate School of Journalism in Berkeley, he was the producer
- of Tongues Untied, a film about black homosexuals that aired on
- pbs last summer and became a cause celebre after being attacked
- by conservatives for its "offensive" material. The film -- an
- offbeat, heartfelt mix of documentary, poetry and performance
- art -- did not deserve the abuse. But the brouhaha may have the
- unintended benefit of alerting more viewers to Riggs' impressive
- new offering: Color Adjustment, a provocative look at how TV has
- portrayed blacks over the years. The film, which leads off this
- summer's P.O.V. series of independently produced documentaries,
- contains nothing that is likely to inflame the guardians of
- media morality. But that doesn't mean it won't leave viewers
- discomfited.
-
- With a well-chosen mix of film clips and interviews, the
- program takes us back to the ancient 1950s, when virtually the
- only blacks on TV were comic stereotypes: Amos 'n' Andy, Beulah
- and the occasional bumbling menial. "There's no room for
- prejudice in our profession," Milton Berle tells Danny Thomas
- in a snippet from Berle's old Texaco Star Theater. But of the
- black stars of the '50s who had their own variety shows, only
- Nat King Cole lasted a full season, and he was canceled
- thereafter when he could not find sponsors.
-
- Riggs ticks off the breakthroughs for blacks in the '60s
- and '70s, then puts each under a critical magnifying glass.
- Julia, in which Diahann Carroll played TV's first black sitcom
- mother, was intended as "some sort of an apology for a lot of
- the things we had done on Amos 'n' Andy," says creator Hal
- Kanter. Yet the show's sunny treatment of race relations was as
- far from reality as anything on the tube. (An encounter between
- Julia's little boy and a white playmate: "Your mother's
- colored!" "Of course. I'm colored too." "You are?" Squeal of
- laughter.)
-
- Shows like Julia and I Spy (which teamed Bill Cosby with
- Robert Culp) succeeded by spotlighting black people who were
- fully assimilable -- the sort of blacks who, as one critic
- notes, "could move into your neighborhood and not disturb you
- at all." Ghetto comedies of the '70s like Good Times did a
- better job of reflecting black life, but they were betrayed by
- buffoonery (Jimmie Walker's strutting J.J.). Roots, of course,
- brought the black experience to a wider audience than any other
- show before or since, but its popularity, the documentary
- notes, came only by making slavery acceptable for prime time --
- "transforming a national disgrace into an epic triumph of the
- family and the American Dream."
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